printable periodic table of elements with names chinese

Current practice dictates that new names should avoid being homophonous with previous element names or with organic functional groups. Because many characters in modern Chinese are homophones, including for tone, two different phonetic components can be pronounced the same. Since 118 elements have been discovered, over 100 phonetic components are used in naming the elements. For each element character, this is a unique phonetic component. The phonetic (sound) part represents the character's pronunciation and is a partial transliteration of the element. Only four radicals are used for elements: 釒/ 钅 ( jīn 'gold metal') for solid metals, 石 ( shí 'stone, rock') for solid non-metals, 水/ 氵 ( shuǐ 'water') for liquids, and 气 ( qì 'air, steam') for gases. It refers to the element's usual state at room temperature and standard pressure. The semantic (meaning) part is also the radical of the character. Each character consists of two parts, one to signify the meaning and the other to hint at the sound: These new elements therefore required new characters, which were invented using the phono-semantic principle. However, the Chinese did not know about most of the elements until they were isolated during the Industrial Age. sulfur (硫) had been used to make gunpowder since at least the 10th century in China.Ĭharacters based on European pronunciations.Some non-metals were already named in Chinese as well, because their minerals were in widespread use. These include the long-established group of 'Five Metals' (五金) - gold (金), silver (銀/银), copper (銅/铜), iron (鐵/铁), and tin (錫/锡) - as well as lead (鉛/铅) and mercury (汞). Some metallic elements were already familiar to the Chinese, as their ores were already excavated and used extensively in China for construction, alchemy, and medicine.

New names and symbols are decided upon by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology. Unlike characters for unofficial varieties of Chinese (e.g., written Cantonese) or other now-defunct ad hoc characters (e.g., those by the Empress Wu), the names for the elements are official, consistent, and taught (with Mandarin pronunciation) to every Chinese and Taiwanese student who has attended public schools (usually by the first year of middle school). In Chinese, characters for the elements are the last officially created and recognized characters in the Chinese writing system. 2.1 Names based on European pronunciations.1.4 Usage in the nomenclature for simple inorganic compounds.1.2 Characters based on European pronunciations.

Printable periodic table of elements with names chinese